Chomolungma coordinates latitude and longitude in degrees. Mount Chomolungma: geographical location. Highest mountain in North America - Mount McKinley

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Everest - the highest mountain in the world

Everest (or, as it is called in Nepal, Chomolungma) rises to 8848.43 meters above sea level. Climbing Everest is a real dream for every climber, but, no doubt, also a very dangerous adventure, since a huge number of people died trying to conquer this peak. The highest point on our planet is known today to every schoolchild. But the history of the discovery of Everest and the fate of many brave people who tried to conquer it often remain a mystery to the general public.

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The shocking truth

Resembling in shape a pyramid that has risen many kilometers above sea level due to the movement of lithospheric plates, Everest rises above Asia right on the border of China and Nepal. This peak is rightfully considered one of the most magnificent in beauty, but at the same time, tragic and dangerous places in the world. Its rocky silhouette invariably attracts numerous brave and courageous conquerors who try to reach the summit at the cost of great efforts, and sometimes even at the cost of their own lives. Unfortunately, many climbers have remained forever among the snows and rocky gorges. More than 235 climbers and locals have died while trying to conquer the highest peak the globe(although the exact number of those who died today remains unknown, because not all of them officially registered their ascent). The difficulty lies not only in the increased atmospheric pressure and rarefied air, which cannot be breathed for a long time, but also in the danger of the route itself. Nevertheless, despite all these difficulties, many people continue to risk their lives in order to spend a few minutes on top of the world. There is something in it that irresistibly attracts brave climbers ...

How much does it cost to climb Everest?

This question is very popular today. Everyone knows that high-altitude expeditions require not only serious physical and tactical training of the participants, but also considerable investments. The average price is about $30,000 if you go by yourself or with your organized and independent group. travel companies offer their own expeditions, and the price for their services is about $60,000. The price of a VIP level expedition, which includes permanent Internet access and telephone connection, is often higher than $90,000. In general, it all depends on the guide and the quantity and quality of services included in the package. However, when choosing an instructor and a company, it is important to consider not only the price and image of the company. It is always best to study this issue on your own and very carefully. In particular, it will not be out of place to pay attention to whether the package includes the cost of the flight and the services of Sherpas. The fact is that sometimes you have to pay for the participation of local “helpers” on the spot when you are already at the base camp, therefore, in order to avoid unexpected surprises, it is always better to study the details in advance.

Why so expensive?

The government of Nepal charges mandatory fee from all foreigners who want to climb Everest. Depending on the size of the group and the time period, the fee can vary from $11,000 to $25,000.

Many readers will probably be indignant: “Where are these prices from??!” But, on the other hand, judge for yourself: even with such fees on the slopes - tens of tons of garbage; when climbing Everest, more than 200 people died ... Imagine what would happen if this fee was not charged - the number of climbers, of course, would increase dramatically, and the peak would begin to look like something terrible.

Another important point is the correct selection of the necessary equipment, which also costs a lot of money. The cost of guides, instructors and sherpas often depends on the size of the group, so prices change from year to year.

Everest Facts

Everest, part of the chain Himalayan mountains, is 29,035 feet (8848 meters) high.
A sedentary volcano Hawaiian Islands, Mauna Kea, ranks first in the ranking of the highest mountains in the world, not counting sea level.
Everest is more than 60 million years old, it was formed due to pushes of the Indian tectonic plate in the direction of the Asian. Due to seismic activity in the region, Everest is about a quarter inch (0.25") taller every year.
The peak is located right on the border line of Nepal to the south and China, also known as Tibet, to the north.
Chomolungma (translated from Tibetan) literally means "holy mother of the universe."
To keep warm, climbers are encouraged to use oxygen at the summit. As for food, it is good to eat a lot of rice and noodles even before the ascent, since you will need a serious supply of energy for such an expedition. On average, climbers burn over 10,000 calories daily, and this number doubles while climbing to the top; throughout the expedition, its participants lose from 10 to 20 pounds of weight.
In the entire history of attempts to conquer the summit, it is officially known that 282 people (including 169 Western climbers and 113 Sherpas) died on Everest from 1924 to August 2015. If we talk about the causes of death, then 102 climbers were injured while trying to climb without the use of additional oxygen. Most of the bodies to this day remain in the snow and gorges, although Chinese officials reported that many bodies were removed. Snowfalls and rockfalls are the most common cause of death, followed by avalanches in second place and altitude sickness in third place.
The youngest person ever to reach the summit is an American high school student named Jordan Romero. He made his ascent at the age of 13, on May 23, 2010 (he climbed the peak from the north side).
14 climbers managed to cross from one side of the peak to the other.
Wind speeds at the summit can reach 200 miles per hour.
On average, it takes about 40 days to complete the ascent. The fact is that the human body needs some time to get used to being at such an altitude above sea level and acclimatize immediately before climbing.
The first climbers who managed to climb the peak of Everest without the use of additional oxygen in cylinders were Reinold Messner and Peter Hubler (Italy) back in 1978. Later, 193 climbers who followed suit also managed to reach the summit without resorting to additional oxygen (this is 2.7% of all ascents to the peak). There is 66% less oxygen in every breath at the top of Everest than in a breath taken at sea level.
To date, there have been about 7,000 ascents of the peak of Everest, more than 4,000 people have participated in all known routes.
The oldest climber who managed to conquer the mountain was Miura Yuchiro (Japan), who made the ascent at the age of 80 on May 23, 2013.
There are 18 different official climbing routes to the summit of Everest.
The first woman to summit Everest was Japanese climber Janko Tabei (1975).
In order not to fall off rocks and glaciers, climbers use nylon ropes with a diameter of 10 millimeters. Special metal spikes (“cats”) are put on the soles of the boots to prevent slipping. In addition, ice axes are used, which can stop a possible fall on a rocky and icy surface. In terms of clothing, climbers opt for thick suites that are filled with goose feathers.
Sherpas are the collective name for people who live in western Nepal. Initially, several centuries ago, they migrated from Tibet. Today, they help climbers prepare for the ascent by helping carry food, tents, and other supplies to intermediate camps located above the base camp.
Climbers begin using oxygen tanks at 7,925 m (26,000 ft). but in this way only 915 m (3000 ft) of difference is achieved in how they feel. In principle, at an altitude of 8230 m (27,000 ft) a person will feel like at 7315 m (24,000 ft) above sea level, which, in fact, will not make a significant difference in the well-being of climbers.
Peak temperatures can drop as low as -62C (80F below zero).

Story

Everest appeared on the earth's surface about 60 million years ago. The mountain has a rather long history of "the first climbers", starting with an unsuccessful attempt, which was made back in 1921 by the British expedition of George Mallory and Guy Bullock. Much later, in 1953, the highest peak of the Earth was nevertheless conquered by a brave bunch of Italian climbers Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. The history of ascents and new achievements continues to this day. But the highest peak in the world is not only a vantage point or a serious challenge for climbers, but also home to mountaineers, the Sherpas, who have lived there for over 500 years. This small nation is the best guides and porters for tourists and professionals who decide to defy fate and climb the highest and most difficult peak of our planet to climb.

Where is Everest located?

Everest is not only the highest mountain, it is also the highest point located on the border of two countries. The mountain is located between the territories of China and Nepal, but its peak is in China, or rather, in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Everest is part of the Himalayas and is only one of the nine peaks of this mountain range. Interestingly, the Himalayas are made up of the thirty-nine highest high peaks in the world, so Everest has many younger "brothers". Together they form a fence between the plateaus of the Tibetan and Indian subcontinental plates.

The entire mountain system is located in South Asia and passes through Pakistan, Bhutan, Tibet, India and Nepal. This was the reason that Everest has several names. In Tibet it is called "Chomolungma", the Chinese version of the name is "Shèngmǔ Fēng". The locals in Darjeeling call it "Deodungha" which translates to "Holy Mountain". For many years it was believed that the highest peak of the world is in the Andes, and only in 1852, a mathematician from India was able to open the world to really the highest mountain.

How did he get his name?

The highest mountain was discovered by George Everest, who served as the Indian General Secretary, in 1841. Since then, the official name that was given to the highest peak of the Earth has come from the name of the discoverer. Prior to that, in different countries the peak was called differently, based on local languages and dialects. But since the highest point of the planet should have a single and understandable name for everyone, the name of the one who officially discovered it became recognized at the international level.

What country is Everest in?

At various points in its history, Everest has been considered part of both China and Nepal. After the annexation in May 1959, relations between Nepal and China became absolutely friendly, and the fact that the border between the countries is at its peak highest mountain world, is a symbolic confirmation of this. Therefore, theoretically, the peak that is closest to space does not belong to one particular country, but is the common property of Nepal and China. Every tourist who decides to at least look at Everest from the outside, not to mention climbing to the top, can choose at his own discretion which side is more convenient to do it. But it is fair to say that the view from Nepal is much more beautiful, and climbing is an order of magnitude easier.

What is the height of Everest?

Imagine that you live in a world where there is no Mount Everest, it has not yet been discovered, and at school the teacher tells you that the highest mountain is the one called Kanchenjunga, or Dhaulagiri, for example. Even in the 19th century, many were convinced that the highest point on our planet is anything but Everest. Only in 1852 was it confirmed that Everest is the highest point on our planet. The height of the mountain is 8848 meters above sea level and increases by 4 millimeters annually due to plate movement. In addition, earthquakes in Nepal can move Everest and even change its height. So, modern scientists continue to argue that none of the measurements of the height of Everest, either from the Chinese or from the Nepalese side, is correct. Chomolungma continues to grow. The continental plates do not stand still, they are constantly pushing Everest higher and higher.

Curiously, the exact height of the mountain is still a matter of dispute. Back in 1856, when British explorers first measured the height of the peak with a theodolite, it was recorded as 8,840 m (or 22,002 feet). Currently, the official height of Everest is 8.848 m (29.029 ft). To imagine how high Everest is, it is enough to understand that its highest point is located almost at the level of a fighter plane flight. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the slopes of this mountain are not inhabited by animals and birds due to high pressure and rarefied air. However, Everest is home to one rare species of spider that hides in the crevices of the mountains. This insect feeds on other frozen insects that get to the top with winds and snow masses.

Neighborhood

The Everest massif consists of several distinct peaks such as Changse at 7,580m (24,870ft), Nuptse at 7,855m (58,772ft) and Lhotse at 8,516m or 27,940ft. At the time of the discovery of these peaks, it was very difficult to measure the height of a mountain peak with accuracy. At that time, special devices called theodolites were used to measure height, the weight of which was more than 500 kg (1.100 pounds), and the forces of 10-15 people were required to move such a device. Several attempts were made to measure the exact height of Mount Everest, and only in 1949, shortly before the first ascent, was it finally possible to obtain accurate data.

The nearest place where people live is Rongbuk, a Buddhist temple that was founded back in 1902. It was reconstructed not so long ago after complete destruction in the 70s of the last century, during the civil war. Currently, this place becomes the last living quarters on the path of climbers to the top of the world. In Rongbuk, you can stay in a small hotel and even dine in a tiny restaurant.

About height

For almost three hundred years, the highest known point on Earth was Chimborazo, a volcano in the Andes. Its height is "only" 6.267 meters. In the 19th century, this version was destroyed, as the new champion became known to the world - the peak of Nanda Devi in India with a height of 7.816 meters. It may seem ridiculous, but today Nanda Devi only ranks 23rd in the list of the highest mountains in the world. But there is a reason that the listed peaks were indeed the highest points of the world known at that time: after all, Nepal, which is called the roof of the world for a reason, was closed to everyone for a long time.

Everest is officially one of the most polluted mountains in the world. due to the lack of infrastructure and the presence of a constant influx of tourists. Numerous groups leave behind a huge amount of garbage, ranging from simple food bags to oxygen tanks and old equipment, which are stored and accumulated for decades on the slopes of this mountain, considered sacred to local residents.

Scientists are constantly finding the remains of marine life that were fossilized in the structure of rocks 450 million years ago, at a time when the surface of Everest was not yet a peak or mountain, but remained part of the seabed. The Himalayas formed only 60 million years ago. The record holders for visiting the peak of Everest are two Sherpas: Apa Sherpa and Tashi Purba, who managed to climb the peak 21 times, having the opportunity to admire the alpine landscape of the Himalayan mountains from the highest point.

Mortality

Unfortunately, Mount Everest turned out to be a very difficult place to climb and is rightfully considered one of the most dangerous peaks on Earth. The danger lies in record low temperatures and air with a low oxygen content, frequent landslides and avalanches that took many lives of local residents and climbers who decided to overcome this height. The greatest tragedy in the history of Everest occurred in 2014 when a huge avalanche killed 16 local Nepalese guides. It happened near one of the base camps. The second largest was the tragedy of 1996, when 15 climbers did not return from the ascent.

These people died for various reasons, some due to the use of inadequate equipment, others due to lack of oxygen in the tanks or unexpected changes in weather conditions that made it impossible to return to the base camp. The third in terms of the number of victims was the unsuccessful expedition of 2011, when 11 people remained forever in the snows of the Himalayan mountains. All of them are buried in the snow and ice of Everest. Avalanches and rockfalls are the most common causes of death on the slopes of Everest.

Everest base camps

For those who decide to climb Everest, there are, as mentioned earlier, two options - start climbing from China or follow the Nepalese route. In order to get used to atmospheric pressure and acclimatize at altitude, two main base camps are equipped. In any of them, each tourist will be able to spend the necessary amount of time for the body to get used to the new conditions, since acclimatization in this case will help prevent altitude sickness. Both camps have doctors who can advise climbers and assess the health of each before climbing. Staying for some time at the base camp helps to avoid health problems associated with pressure changes.

The southern camp is located on the Nepal side, and the Northern camp is on the Tibetan (Chinese) side of Everest. Even though the northern camp can be reached even by car during the summer days, the camp on the south side is becoming more and more popular. And, of course, all the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, who were previously engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, are now fully focused on providing visitors with everything they need. They help in transporting things and supplies to the upper intermediate checkpoints, in cooking, and offer various products. In addition to the main intermediate camps on the way to Everest, there are several others located both before and after the main two. They are intermediate stations on the way to conquer the top of the world.

The supply of food and equipment to the southern base camp is carried out by Sherpa porters, since transport links in this region are not possible. Food, medicine and everything needed is delivered with the help of yaks, local beasts of burden.

ascent

If you think that everyone can climb Everest, you just have to really want to, you are very mistaken. Firstly, it is very expensive, about $60,000. Climbing the highest mountain in the world is not just a fun adventure. It is important to understand that this is not an ordinary cozy tourism, but a challenge and the risk of mortal danger. Every year, several tourists die in an attempt to conquer this rocky peak: someone falls into an abyss or a gap between glaciers, someone cannot withstand high temperatures, and someone falls ill with altitude sickness.

Naturally, for such a difficult test, you will need serious preparation and a huge amount of special equipment: shoes, clothes, tools and gadgets. A large group of experts and assistants are also required for the proper organization of the trip and many years of experience in climbing other peaks. But if we talk about the process itself, then it is, of course, unusually exciting. Regardless of which route you choose, it is recommended that you travel with a Sherpa companion. Today, the region is home to approximately 3,000 Sherpas, all of whom are top-notch guides, helpers, and porters, as well as mountain climbers. In short, the Sherpas are a nation of highlanders. If you've seen the famous photograph of the first human ascent of Everest, you'll understand how amazing, indescribable with words, the feeling at the top can be. As Tenzing Norgay admitted, "I wanted to jump, dance, these were the best feelings in my life, because I stood above the whole world."

The most popular season to climb Everest is spring. Autumn expeditions are less popular. By far the most popular way to climb Everest is through a guided expedition. This ensures that there is a professional with the group who knows the most reliable route to the top. In addition, you can rely on his knowledge and experience even in the most unpredictable situations, he is a reliable support and support for the group. The guide will be able to explain to the participants everything they need to know before starting the climb, help to choose the necessary equipment and check the physical condition, as well as the state of health of the participants, in advance.

Plan

The very first step in climbing Everest is to begin proper preparation, including getting serious experience climbing other peaks. These are very important requirements, since such an expedition is quite risky and dangerous and requires certain skills. It starts in one of the base camps (on the southern or northern slope), which is selected depending on the route and climbing plan. So, to get to the base camp, located at an altitude of about 5,000 m (16,000 feet) above sea level, participants will need about a week. Here they can talk to experienced guides, check their physical condition and get some rest before climbing Everest. Then, for an additional fee, climbers can resort to the help of Sherpa mountaineers, who will help bring the necessary equipment, food and oxygen cylinders to intermediate camps.

How long does it take to climb Everest?

Of course, climbing to the top of the world does not mean walking along picturesque snow-covered slopes. For less trained climbers and for those who have at least a minimal risk of developing any disease, the acclimatization period at medium altitude (in the base camp at an altitude of 5100 meters above sea level) can in some cases reach 30-40 days. For a whole month you will be surrounded by Sherpas and your companions until your body gets used to the pressure of the atmosphere and the lack of oxygen. Only then can you continue climbing. On average, when it comes to tourist expeditions, the duration of the entire ascent (from the moment you arrive in Kathmandu to being at the highest point on the globe) will be about 60 days. When everything is prepared, it will take about 7 days to climb from the base camp to the summit. After that, another approximately 5 days will be spent on the descent to the base camp.

First person to summit Everest

Although Edmund Hillary was the first person to set foot on the top of the world, many attempts to climb Everest were made long before him. Back in the twenties, a special expedition of the newly created Everest Committee developed the most optimal ascent routes. It is not surprising that the members of this expedition became the first to set foot on the top of the “sacred mountain”, which Everest was for the locals. And yet, two completely different people, Sir Edmund Hillary and Nepalese climber Tenzing Norgay, jointly made the first successful ascent to the summit from the south side and finally managed to find themselves where no man had ever gone before.

In 1953, when this outstanding event finally happened, China closed Everest to any visits, and the world community allowed no more than one expedition per year. In conditions of low temperatures, constantly tormented by strong gusts of wind, Tenzing and Hillary, despite the need to stay in one place for several days in a row, were still able to conquer the highest point on the planet. Edmund Hillary dedicated his achievement to the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain, and it was the best gift in honor of a significant event in the UK. Although Hillary and Tenzing spent only 15 minutes on the mountaintop, those 15 minutes today are comparable only to the first steps on the moon.

The youngest person to ever reach the summit is an American eighth grader from California. He was only 13 years old on the day of the ascent. A resident of Nepal, a 15-year-old girl named Min Kipa Shira, became the second in the ranking of the youngest climbers who managed to conquer Everest. Her ascent was crowned with success in 2003. The oldest man to summit Everest was 80-year-old Miura Yuchiro from Japan, and the oldest woman was Tamae Watanabe from Japan, who climbed at the age of 73.

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(Tibetan version of the name) or Everest or Sagarmatha - the highest mountain in the world. The height of the "Roof of the World" is 8848 meters. For those who don't know , say, that in the Mahalangur-Himal range in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region). However, the peak itself lies on the territory of China.

Mount Chomolungma - the highest peak in the world

Chomolungma has the shape of a trihedral pyramid, the southern slope is steeper. Glaciers flow down from the massif in all directions, ending at an altitude of about 5 km. partly part of the Nepalese national park Sagarmatha.
At the top of the Chomolungma, there are strong winds blowing at speeds up to 200 km / h. The air temperature at night drops to -60°.

Chomolungma coordinates: 27°59’23″N 86°55’37″E.

Video from Everest

Mount Chomolungma: the etymology of the name

Translated from Tibetan, "Chomolungma" means "Divine (qomo) Mother (ma) of life (lung - wind or life force)", named after the Bon goddess Sherab Chzhamma.

In Nepalese, the name of the peak "Sagarmatha" means "Mother of the Gods".

English name given to Chomolungma - Everest(Mount Everest) was awarded in honor of Sir George Everest, the head of the Survey of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by George Everest's successor Andrew Waugh, at the same time as the publication of the results of his collaborator Radhanath Sikdar, who in 1852 first measured the height of "Peak XV" and showed that it is the highest in the whole world.

Mount Chomolungma: history of ascents

The first ascent of Chomolungma was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the South Col. They used oxygen devices.

In subsequent years, climbers from different countries of the world joined the conquest of the mountain - China, the USA, India, Japan, Italy.

Spring 1975 Chomolungma, photo which look further, is stormed for the first time by a women's expedition. The first woman to conquer Chomolungma was the Japanese climber Junko Tabei (1976). The first Polish woman and the first European to reach the summit was Wanda Rutkiewicz (1978). The first Russian woman to reach the summit was Ekaterina Ivanova (1990).

In May 1982, 11 members of the Soviet expedition of climbers conquered Everest, climbing the southwestern slope that was previously considered impassable, and 2 ascents were made at night. Prior to this, none of the climbers who were part of the expedition had climbed above 7.6 km.

In subsequent years, climbers from Great Britain, Nepal, South Korea, Austria and other countries climb Mount Everest again along the classic path of pioneers.

As a rule, it is conquered by climbers in oxygen masks. At an altitude of 8 km, the air is rarefied, and it is very difficult to breathe. The first to reach the summit without oxygen were the Italian Reinhold Messner and the German Peter Habeler in 1978.

Flying over the summit

In 2001, a French couple, Bertrand and Claire Bernier, flew down from the summit in a tandem glider.

In May 2004, the Italian Angelo D'Arrigo for the first time in the history of aeronautics made a hang glider flight over the top of the highest mountain in the world.

On May 14, 2005, test pilot Didier Delsalle successfully landed a Eurocopter AS 350 Ecureuil helicopter on top of the mountain. It was the first such landing.

In 2008, 3 skydivers landed on the summit by jumping from an airplane flying at an altitude of just under 9 km (142 m above the highest point of the mountain).

Ski slopes on Chomolungma

First attempt to descend from the summit skiing was undertaken in 1969 by the Japanese Miura. It didn't end the way he planned; Miura almost fell into the abyss, but miraculously managed to escape and survived.

In 1992, a French skier, Pierre Tardevel, skied down the slope of Everest. He left the southern peak, located at an altitude of 8571 m, and covered 3 km in 3 hours.

After 4 years, the Italian skier Hans Kammerlander descended from a height of 6400 m along the northern slope.

In 1998, the Frenchman Cyril Desremo made the first descent from the summit on a snowboard.

In 2000, Slovenian Davo Karnicar left Chomolungma on skis.

Chomolungma - currently climbing

Since the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people died on its slopes. The bodies of the dead often remain on the slopes of the mountain due to the difficulties associated with their evacuation. Some of them serve as a guide for climbers. The most common causes of death: lack of oxygen, heart failure, frostbite, avalanches.

Even the most expensive and modern equipment does not always guarantee a successful climb. the highest peak peace. However, every year about 500 people try to conquer Chomolungma. In total, by the end of 2010, approximately 3,150 climbers had climbed the mountain.

Climbing to the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Weight loss after climbing - an average of 10-15 kg. The main climbing season is spring and autumn, as there are no monsoons at this time. The most suitable season for climbing the southern and northern slopes is spring. In autumn you can climb only from the south.

At present, a significant part of ascents is organized by specialized firms and performed as part of commercial groups. The clients of these firms pay for the services of guides who provide the necessary training, equipment and, as far as possible, ensure safety along the way.

The cost of an all-inclusive climb (equipment, transport, guides, porters, etc.) averages between $40,000 and $80,000, with the climbing permit alone issued by the government of Nepal costing between $10,000 and $25,000 per person. (depending on group size). The cheapest way to conquer Chomolungma is from Tibet.

A significant proportion of travelers reaching the summit are now wealthy tourists with minimal mountaineering experience.

According to experts, the success of the expedition directly depends on the weather and the equipment of the travelers. Climbing the highest peak in the world continues to be a serious challenge for everyone, regardless of their level of preparation.

An essential role is played by acclimatization before climbing Everest. A typical expedition from the south side takes up to two weeks to climb from Kathmandu to the base camp at an altitude of 5364 m, and takes about a month to acclimatize to the height before the first attempt is made to the summit.

The hardest part of climbing Everest is the last 300m, nicknamed by mountain climbers "the longest mile on Earth". To successfully pass this section, you need to overcome the steepest smooth stone slope covered with powdered snow. No less difficult is the conquest, called the killer mountain. But, on the contrary, it is recognized as the simplest of the eight-thousanders of the Earth.

Chomolungma and ecology

The number of tourists visiting the mountain (not the summit) from Nepal and Tibet over the past ten years has been in the hundreds of thousands. The volume of garbage accumulated on the slopes of the mountain is so great that Everest is called "the highest mountain dump in the world."

According to ecologists, after tourists there is an average of 3 kg of garbage for each.

I'm not a climber, but I like to wander in the mountains. At one time, the idea of going to Everest did not leave me, because this is not a problem, if only there was money. While I can not afford this pleasure, but I hope my dream will come true.

Everest: other names and coordinates

Let's start with where the name "Everest" came from. The mountain got its name in honor of the Englishman George Everest, India's chief surveyor from 1832 to 1843. Surprisingly, George himself was categorically against this, because he did not see his name worthy of decorating the highest peak in the world. There are other names:

Peak XV - so it was called by English geographers, before the name "Everest" was given.
Sagarmatha is a name, translated from Nepalese, means "Divine mother".
Shengmufeng is a name known among the Chinese.
Chomolungma - the second name in Nepali - "Divine".
Chomo-Kankar - "Goddess white snow"- the name known in Tibet before the arrival of Europeans.

However, no matter how you name the mountain, its coordinates will remain unchanged: 27°59′17″ (N), 86°55′31″ (E). It belongs to the Main Himalayan Range, which runs between Nepal and China.

Everest - tourist mecca

Anyone can test themselves for strength, however, this pleasure is very expensive. To begin with, you still have to get to the foot, because the mountain is located in a remote area. Legally, the peak belongs to China, but it shares the income with Nepal, and it is not small, since the climbing permit alone will cost $20,000! But you still need to buy equipment, a tent, provisions, and most importantly, find an intelligent guide. In general, according to the most conservative estimates, such an undertaking will cost at least $ 75,000! Patience will also be required - the preparation process, acclimatization and breathing exercises will take at least 3 months.

You need to prepare seriously, because the mountain is famous for its unpredictable weather, avalanches and stones flying from the top. The one who nevertheless reaches the top will be met there by knocking down winds, rarefied air and frost at -70 ° C.

The path of the longest mountain belt of the Universe has been beaten through the whole of Eurasia. It, starting from the foot of the French Alps, extends all the way to the expanses of South Vietnam. The Himalayas are recognized as the highest ridge of the gigantic mountain range.

The majestic mountain looks like a grandiose petrified wave that has ascended into the sky. The crest of a wave frozen in stone is crowned by the Great Himalayas. In the main Himalayan range, stretching along the border of Tibet and Nepal, 11 peaks are connected. Each mountain range here has a height exceeding 8,000 meters.

Historical names of the highest mountain range

Here, in the "abode of eternal snows", on the lands of China, Mount Chomolungma is spread - the highest of the Himalayan "eight-thousanders" ridge. The giant mountain, which has soared into the sky to an incredible height, has two more names. They called her Sagarmatha - "Lord of the sky."

The Tibetans call the peak Chomolungma (in translation - "Goddess of the Earth"). For Europeans, it is the peak of Everest. They named the mountain that way when India was going through an era of colonization, being under the yoke of Great Britain, and the topographic service of the enslaved state was headed by Major D. Everest, who studied the colossal mountain system.

top of the world

The Himalayan massif is considered a unique place. In this marvelous corner are the sources of the Indus and the Ganges. Mount Chomolungma with its high status became known to the Chinese much earlier than to people from the New World. at the northern foot of the "top of the sky" the Ronkbuk monastery was founded, which is still operating today.

A majestic spectacle opens before a person entering the inner monastery courtyard - impressive mountain ranges of stunning beauty. The splendor of the grandiose peak is felt from the mountain passes adjacent to it and located for many kilometers from it.

Everest formation

The Himalayan range, according to geologists, was formed in the era of the split of the ancient mainland Gondwana. The mainland broke into plates. The Indian plate, moving in a northerly direction, came across the Eurasian fragment. In the zone of plate docking, the earth's crust was compressed and a huge fold was formed, which was called the Himalayas.

The Himalayan mountain system was formed by three grandiose steps, stretching from north to south. The “pre-Himalayas”, which form the southern step, have a lower height. The mountain ranges here are about 1000 m high.

The middle step is represented by massifs rising to 3500 m. In the northern part, the height mountain peaks fluctuates in the range of 6000-8000 m. The width of the mountain ranges reaches 80-90 km.

The growth of the Himalayan range has not stopped so far. Scientists assure that the height of the Himalayas increases annually by 3-10 mm. There are 75 peaks in the mountain range, exceeding a height of 7,000 meters. The Nepalese Himalayas are recognized as the highest.

And Mount Chomolungma ascended above all the ridges. Where is its top? It rises above the boundless Chinese expanses. The highest peak of Everest is surrounded by other giant peaks that form a real "roof of the world" that holds the skies above the earth.

Everest Height

The mountain peak, proudly rising up from the eternal Himalayan snows, attracts tourists with its grandeur and bewitching beauty. Many climbers dream of conquering the steep slopes of a grandiose mountain range with the shape of a trihedral pyramid. Overcoming for them difficult mountain paths with a length of 8848 meters (such is the height of Mount Chomolungma) is a great honor!

The exact height of the peak was established by English topographers in 1852. Since then, many attempts have been made that would have refuted the primacy of Everest. However, they were debunked over and over again, because they all turned out to be insolvent.

While the bulk of the high peaks that make up the mountain complexes of the world were conquered by climbers, climbers did not know how to approach the "seven-thousanders" and "eight-thousanders" that formed Mount Chomolungma, Everest, if you like.

Climate on Chomolungma

The steepness of the southern slope is much greater than that of the other two. The snow does not linger on it, so a naked woman appears before the eyes of travelers. The rest of the slopes are covered with glaciers stretching up to 5,000 meters.

Specifying the coordinates of Mount Chomolungma, tourists understand that the climate on the "top of the world" is far from comfortable. When bad weather breaks out on a mountain range, it is very dangerous to stay in its open spaces. The thermometer freezes here at -60 0 C, and the wind whistles at a speed of 200 km/h.

Climbing Chomolungma

magnetic attraction highest point The land is incredible. Climbers year after year go to the East, to where Mount Chomolungma is located, where the tip of its giant peak, piercing the clouds, is located. The temptation to conquer this peak is great, but only a few reach it.

The philosophy of Everest is harsh. The path to its peak is reserved for those who are fussy and hasty, unprincipled and careless. It often turns into a tragedy for them. The first climbers, who started climbing at the dawn of the 20th century, suffered a fiasco due to poor equipment. For the first time, Mount Chomolungma was conquered by people in 1953.

Climbers constantly compete in difficulty. Some try to climb the icy slopes in the middle of winter. Others, intending to climb to the top, refuse to grab oxygen. Emancipated women, united in a group, try to overcome the difficult path without men.

However, to surprise everyone, only the Recalcitrant Mount Chomolungma granted him a great favor - to set several records at the same time! He, climbing alone along the northern slope without oxygen, overcame the ascent to the top in 3 days. In 1992, 32 climbers climbed the peak as part of the Russian Lada-Everest team.

Rise of the end times

The success of the expedition depends not so much on the quality of the equipment, but on the climate, which determines the latitude and longitude of Mount Chomolungma (27°59′17″ N, 86°55′31″ E), as well as its height. In addition, climbers have to overcome the high rarefaction that occurs with high air rarefaction.

About 500 travelers go to conquer the peak every year. The governments of the Celestial Empire and Nepal are not averse to making money on granting the right to climb the slopes of a harsh peak. Now almost all ascents are carried out on a commercial basis. Tourists agree in specialized firms on the organization of the ascent to the peak of Everest.

Professional guides accompany travelers to the very top. The service costs climbers $ 65,000. This amount includes training, providing the required equipment and ensuring safety (to the extent possible) on a laborious mountain route. It takes about 2 months to acclimatize and climb.

Historical names of the highest mountain range

top of the world

The Himalayan massif is considered a unique place. In this marvelous corner are the sources of the Indus and the Ganges. Mount Chomolungma with its high status became known to the Chinese much earlier than to people from the New World. Tibetan monks at the northern foot of the "top of the sky" founded the monastery of Ronkbuk, which is still operating.

Everest formation

The middle step is represented by massifs rising to 3500 m. In the northern part, the height of the mountain peaks ranges from 6000-8000 m. The width of the mountain ranges reaches 80-90 km.

Everest Height

Climate on Chomolungma

The steepness of the southern slope is much greater than that of the other two. Snow does not linger on it, so the naked rock appears before the eyes of travelers. The rest of the slopes are covered by glaciers stretching up to 5,000 meters.

Climbing Chomolungma

The magnetic attraction of the highest point on Earth is incredible. Climbers year after year go to the East, to where Mount Chomolungma is located, where the tip of its giant peak, piercing the clouds, is located. The temptation to conquer this peak is great, but only a few reach it.

Climbers constantly compete in the difficulty of climbing Everest. Some try to climb the icy slopes in the middle of winter. Others, intending to climb to the top, refuse to grab oxygen. Emancipated women, united in a group, try to overcome the difficult path without men.

However, only Reinhold Messner surprised everyone. The recalcitrant Mount Chomolungma granted him a great favor - to set several records at the same time! He, climbing alone along the northern slope without oxygen, overcame the ascent to the top in 3 days. In 1992, 32 climbers climbed the peak as part of the Russian Lada-Everest team.

Rise of the end times

The success of the expedition depends not so much on the quality of the equipment, but on the climate, which determines the latitude and longitude of Mount Chomolungma (27°59′17″ N, 86°55′31″ E), as well as its height. In addition, climbers have to overcome mountain sickness that occurs when the air is highly rarefied.

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