What is the temperature at the highest peak. Mount Chomolungma (Everest) - description, photos, facts. On everyone's lips: mountain legend

Since Sir Edmund Hillary reached the summit of Mount Everest in 1953, thousands of climbers have been eager to repeat his feat. Due to the fact that Everest has the impressive title of "most high mountain in the world”, it has been visited by so many people that every year this Himalayan beauty gradually turns into a literal garbage dump.

Everest is the highest mountain in the world (∼ 8,848 m)

When we say which is the highest mountain in the world, we usually think about the height above sea level. And if you take this parameter, then the height of the mountain (8849 meters above sea level) is beyond competition. Everest extends higher into the atmosphere than any other peak in the world.

However, the farthest point from the center of the Earth, and therefore the highest in terms of distance, is Chimborazo (6384 meters above sea level). It is a stratovolcano in Ecuador, which is part of the Andes mountain range.

The earth is not flat, it bulges out at the equator and flattens out near the poles. This means that the mountains near the equator are technically higher than in other areas of the planet. And it so happens that Chimborazo is closer to the convex center of the Earth than Everest. It turns out that it is closer to the stars than the highest point of Mount Everest.

The hardest mountain for climbers

According to one report, Everest extends 6,382 meters from the center of the Earth. At the same time, Chimborazo stretches for a distance of 6384 meters. Although the height difference between the two mountains is only 2 km, this is enough to transfer the title of "highest mountain" to the Ecuadorian stratovolcano.

So why does Mount Everest keep getting all the credit while Chimborazo goes relatively unnoticed? It all comes down to the difficulty of climbing.

If you are a climber and want to test yourself by conquering Everest, then the journey to the base camp will take 10 days. It will take another six weeks to acclimatize, and then it will take nine days to climb to the top. On the other hand, acclimatization on Chimborazo takes about two weeks, and the journey to the top takes about two days. Simply put, after Everest, climbing Chimborazo will feel like a walk in the park.

Above and below sea level

Mount Everest is the highest point above sea level, but if we are talking about a clear height from the base to the top, then the honor to be called the most high mountain belongs to the "White Mountain" (Mauna Kea) on the island of Hawaii. Its height above sea level is 4205 meters, but the mountain goes down 5998 meters to the bottom. More than half of the mountain is submerged in water.

The total height of Mauna Kea is 10,203 meters. This is 1345 meters higher than the height of Everest.

Mauna Kea is actually an extinct volcano on big island Hawaii. It originated about a million years ago when the tectonic plate Pacific Ocean moved over a plume of liquid magma deep within the Earth. Mauna Kea last erupted about 4,600 years ago.

The top of the mountain is an astronomer's paradise: It has low humidity, clear skies above, and a long distance from any light pollution. That is, from the top of the volcano opens, perhaps, best view to celestial objects. Now there are 13 telescopes on the peak of Mauna Kea.

It is important to note once again that Everest is the highest of the highest mountains when measured from sea level. If you use this parameter, then Chimborazo cannot even count on the title of "highest peak in the Andes". This title belongs to Mount Aconcagua, which rises to 6961 meters above sea level.

The highest mountains on every continent

1. In Asia - Mount Everest (8,849 meters).
2. V South America- Mount Aconcagua (6961 meters).
3. In North America - Mount McKinley (6,190 meters).
4. In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 meters).
5. In Europe - Mount Elbrus (5,642 meters)
6. In Antarctica, the Vinson Massif (4,897 meters).

In Australia - Oceania - Mount Punchak Jaya (4,884 meters) in Oceania and Mount Kosciuszko - the highest point on the Australian continent (2,228 meters).

Top 10 highest mountains in the world

The problem with measurement is that it is often not clear where the dividing line lies between a mountain with several peaks and a single mountain. For this reason, it is better to use a measurement called "topographic elevation" (height mountain top above the bottom of the valley closest to the mountain). Taking into account, first of all, this criterion, and secondly, the height above sea level, we have compiled a rating of the highest points on the Earth.

Topographic elevation - 4,741 m.

It rises to 5,642 meters above sea level.

Mount Elbrus is an extinct volcano located in the western part of the Caucasus Range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, not far from the Russian-Georgian border. This is the highest peak in the Caucasus.

Elevation - 4 884 m.

Height - 4 884 m.

This mountain, located on the Australian Plate on the island New Guinea originally bore the name of the discoverer - the Dutchman Jan Carstens. In 1965, it changed its name in honor of the Indonesian President Sukarno, and in 1969 it was renamed for the third time, Jaya (Indonesian for Victory) and has stopped there for now.

Elevation - 4 892 m.

The height of the peak is 4,892 m.

Record holders of Antarctica and part of the Ellsworth Mountains, which rise above the Ronne Ice Shelf.

Elevation - 4 922 m

Height according to GPS - 5636 m, according to INEGI - 5611 m.

Stratovolcano, the highest mountain in Mexico and the third highest in North America. Orizaba last erupted in 1687, after which he "fell asleep" and does not wake up to this day.

Topographic elevation - 5,250 m

Height above sea level - 5959 m.

The highest mountain in Canada and the second in North America, after McKinley. Due to active tectonic uplift, Logan is still growing in height. Until 1992, the exact height of the mountain was unknown and was assumed to be in the range of 5,959 to 6,050 meters. In May 1992, a GSC expedition climbed Logan and established its current altitude of 5,959 meters using GPS.

Topographic elevation - 5,585 m.

Above sea level - 5,776 m

Highest point in Colombia. The Colombian peak of Simon Bolivar is almost equal in height to it. Together they are the two peaks of the country closest to the stars.

Topographic elevation - 5,885 m.

Above sea level - 5,895 m.

Kilimanjaro, and its three volcanic cones (Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira) is a dormant volcanic mountain in national park Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. This is the highest mountain in Africa. There is no documented evidence of an eruption of Kilimanjaro, but local legends say that the volcano was active 150-200 thousand years ago.

Topographic elevation - 6 144 m

Height above sea level - 6 190 m

The two-headed Mount McKinley (aka Denali), located in Alaska, is the highest mountain peak in the United States and North America. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was called Big Mountain and was the most high point Russian Empire.

Topographic elevation - 6,962 m.

Above sea level - 6,962 m.

The highest mountain in North and South America. It is located in the Andes mountain range, in the Argentinean province of Mendoza. In 2013, the youngest climber, nine-year-old American Tyler Armstrong, climbed the mountain. And last year, Aconcagua was conquered by the youngest climber, twelve-year-old Romanian Dor Jeta Popescu.

1. Mount Everest (Chomolungma)

Topographic elevation - 8,848 m.

Height above sea level - 8,848 m.

The leader of the mountain hit parade was named after the English colonel, Sir George Everest, who was India's chief surveyor from 1830 to 1843. Mount Everest is also known by the Tibetan name Chomolungma (Mother Goddess of Life Energy) and the Nepalese name Sagarmatha (Forehead of Heaven).

Where is the highest mountain in the world

Chomolungma is located in the Mahalangur Himal mountain range in the Himalayas. Part of it lies on the border of Nepal and China, part on the territory of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Many human triumphs and tragedies have been associated with Everest. George Mallory (Great Britain) was the first climber to attempt the summit of Everest. In 1924, he died near the summit and his remains were found only in 1999, but the body of his teammate Andrew Irwin was not found.

Mount Everest has been the inspiration for many Guinness World Records, from the simple fact that it is the highest peak in the world to the world's highest (by venue) concert.

Despite the title of "the highest peak on Earth", Everest is not the highest mountain on the planet. That is, in terms of height above sea level, Everest has no equal. But as for the height from the base to the top, then Mauna Kea in Hawaii, USA holds the palm. The visible part of it is 4,205 meters, and everything else is under water. The total height of Mauna Kea reaches 10,203 meters.

Everest, the highest mountain on our planet, is called differently - both Chomolungma and Sagarmatha. It is located among the eternal snows of the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and Tibet. Its peak attracts tens of thousands of climbers and ordinary extreme travelers. And many, of course, are interested how many km is mount everest in height.

How many kilometers is Mount Everest is

This mountain got its name in 1865. In those days, the Englishman George Everest served as the chief surveyor of India. He made the greatest contribution to the study of the mountain.

Exactly how many km is Everest is, it was named in 1852, - 8.8 kilometers or 8848 meters. The neighboring mountains are even quite high - about eight kilometers each, but it was D Chomolungma that turned out to be the highest. The author of the exact height is Andrew Waugh, a student and successor of George Everest.

One more moment. The highest on the planet formed about twenty million years ago due to the fact that the seabed rose. The process of layering rocks does not stop even today, every year Everest, together with all the Himalayas, rises by five centimeters. So perhaps when our descendants ask, how many km is mount everest, they will hear a completely different answer.

Some interesting facts about Chomolungma

about this amazing beautiful grief you can find a lot interesting information in the Internet. Here are some of them:

• Every year, about five thousand people climb Everest;
• climbing one person costs about 50 thousand dollars;
• having climbed the peak of the mountain, the climber loses from ten to twenty kilograms;
• The first woman to summit Everest was Junko Tabei of Japan (she climbed the mountain in 1976).

The most difficult section on this mountain is the last three hundred meters. This section is called the longest mile on the planet. Here, climbers do not have the opportunity to insure each other, since this section has a very steep slope covered with snow.

If you are interested in information how many km is mount everest, you will probably also be curious to know that at the highest point of this mountain, the wind speed is about two hundred kilometers per hour, and the air temperature is about 60 degrees below zero. This mountain is also called the mountain of death. During the ascents to the peak of Everest, about two hundred people died. Most often, people died due to extreme cold, lack of oxygen, avalanches, heart problems, and so on.

Updated: June 21, 2016 by: Punisher

Nepal is lucky to have unusual sights. Not only is the country known as the birthplace of the Buddha; here is the majority of the highest peaks of the world, 8 of the 14 "eight-thousanders". Among them is the highest mountain on the planet - Everest.

She is also known under the name "Chomolungma": translated from Tibetan - "Divine Mother of Life". The international name "Everest" was given to the mountain in honor of the head of the British India Geodetic Survey, Sir George Everest, simply because it was the employees of this institution who first measured the height of Chomolungma in 1852, proving that its Peak XV is the highest in the region and, probably, in the whole world .

True, with the height of Everest, not everything is so obvious. Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanat Sikdar (an employee of the same service), based on trigonometric calculations and being 240 kilometers from Chomolungma, only suggested that this is the highest peak in the world. Practical calculations made 4 years later gave a figure of 29,002 feet (8840 meters), proving the theory.

And then Everest was measured repeatedly, and from time to time it "increased" - up to 8872 meters, depending on the methods. Currently, the officially recognized mark is 8848 meters above sea level, of which four meters fall on the snow cap.

Here, in the world of rocks, snows and eternal ice, frosts down to minus 60 ° C prevail, and strong winds blow at the top at a speed of up to 200 km / h. At an altitude of 7925 meters, the so-called "death zone" begins, where only 30% of oxygen is concentrated. Add to this constant ice collapses and snow avalanches - and it becomes obvious why no one could climb to the top for a long time. And now, despite the progress and all kinds of technologies, the ascent takes an average of two months, since it is done in stages: with the installation of an acclimatization camp.

Another difficulty in conquering Chomolungma was that the mountain lies on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet). From time to time, then Nepal, then China, or even both states at the same time, were closed to foreigners. One way or another, the first ascent was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillar, after a numerous series of failures of previous expeditions.

The mountain has several names. The most common is Everest, assigned to the mountain in honor of the Englishman John Everest, who led the Survey of British India from 1830 to 1843. In Tibet, the peak is usually called Chomolungma, which means "divine" in translation. In Nepal, the name Sagarmatha, meaning "Mother of the Gods", was fixed.

In total, approximately 4,000 people have conquered Everest to date - we are talking about those who have reached the top. It is not possible to count the number of tourists with their shortened tours. Many of those who reached the very "roof of the world" set various kinds of records. This includes climbing without oxygen tanks, staying without oxygen for almost a day, and skiing down Everest ... In 2001, the blind American Eric Weihenmeier climbed to the top of Everest, in 2006 - Mark Inglis, a climber with two amputated legs. And the first woman to conquer Chomolungma was in 1976 the Japanese Junko Tabei.

Expeditions to Everest were planned by the British since 1893, but due to various reasons, the trip was postponed year after year. Only in 1921 was the first group equipped. The start was taken from Darjeeling. The purpose of the expedition was to explore the ways to climb the northern slope. In subsequent years, the British repeatedly made attempts to conquer the main peak of the world, but weather conditions and lack of experience in climbing did not allow them to conquer Everest. The result of these attempts was only the death of several people, the mountain still remained impregnable ...

The desire to conquer the "divine", after a series of similar unsuccessful campaigns, was repulsed by the British for a long time, and only after the Second World War did the person again turn his gaze to the top of the recalcitrant mountain. Again, a number of preliminary expeditions were carried out, the purpose of which was to deliver equipment to the slopes of Everest. These were the preparations for the main group's push. And on May 29, 1953, Tenzing Norgam and Edmund Hillary ascended to the top of the world ...

However, Everest is, in the full sense of the word, the mountain of death. Storming this height, the climber knows that he has a chance of not returning. Death can be caused by a lack of oxygen, heart failure, frostbite or injury. Fatal accidents also lead to death, such as a frozen valve of an oxygen cylinder. Moreover, the path to the summit is so difficult that, as Alexander Abramov, one of the participants in the Russian Himalayan expedition, said, “at an altitude of more than 8000 meters you cannot afford the luxury of morality. Above 8000 meters you are completely occupied with yourself, and in such extreme conditions you have no extra strength to help a comrade. The tragedy that happened on Everest in May 2006 shocked the whole world: 42 climbers passed by the slowly freezing Englishman David Sharpe, but no one helped him. One of them was the television people of the Discovery channel, who tried to interview the dying man and, having photographed him, left him alone ...

During all these years of climbing Everest, more than 200 people died, and only the bodies of a few were lowered from the top. The rest are buried in meter-long snow or are exposed by the winds and "meet" other climbers on the way to the top. These are the laws of Everest: the higher the height, the less humanity remains in people. More than once it happened that the rising group could help those in trouble, but to help means to complete the campaign, to abandon the dream. Many passed by, and when they walked back, help was no longer required.

Vladimir Vysotsky has a song " Better than mountains there can only be mountains,” and that’s true. The only exception is Chomolungma. What is experienced by a climber who has conquered the main peak in his life? Joy or disappointment, from the fact that the main goal has been achieved, and then there will be “smaller” mountains?!

Initially, the peak was not considered the highest in the world, according to the results of the first topographic survey (1823-1843), it was included in the classifier as the “XV” peak (Dhualagiri was the leader in this list). And only after the second survey (1845-1850) everything fell into place. Based on intelligence data, the British, under the leadership of Mallory, stormed the summit in 1922, but the monsoon, snowfall and lack of experience in high-altitude ascents did not give them the opportunity to climb. In 1924, the third expedition to Chomolungma. The group spent the night at an altitude of 8125 m, the next day one of the participants (Norton) reached a height of 8527 m, but was forced to return. A few days later, a second attempt was made to storm the northeast ridge (a bunch of Mallory, Irvine using oxygen cylinders), the climbers did not return, there is still an opinion that they could be on top of the Chomolungma. Subsequent pre-war expeditions to the area did not bring new results. In 1952, a Swiss expedition launched an assault on Everest from the south. Twice in 1952, Lambert and Norgay Tenzing climbed above 8000 meters, but in both cases the weather forced them to turn. was E. Hillary, they were supposed to help the British get over the Khumbu icefall, the Sherpa Norgay Tenzing was included in the assault group. There is a legend that the conquest of Everest was prepared as a gift to Queen Elizabeth II on the day of the coronation. On May 27, the first two - the British Evans and Bourdillon reached the southern peak, where they left oxygen and a tent for the next assault group. And on May 29, 1953, Sherp Norgay Tenzing and New Zealander Edmund Hillary reached the summit. On May 8, 1978, R. Messner and P. Habeler made what was considered impossible - the first ascent of Everest without oxygen. Messner described his feelings as follows: “In a state of spiritual abstraction, I no longer belonged to myself, to my vision. I am nothing more than a lone panting lung floating above mists and peaks. On May 16, 1975, the first woman climbed Everest, it was Junko Tabei (Japan). The first ascent of Soviet climbers to the highest peak of the Earth took place in May 1982. The Soviet team of 9 people climbed to the top of Everest, along a very difficult, previously untraveled route along the southwestern wall.

Anyone who has studied at least a little geography has a rough idea of ​​​​where Mount Everest is located. This is one of the most famous peaks of our planet, also known by the Tibetan name Chomolungma and the Nepalese name Sagarmatha.

Translated from the Tibetan language, Chomolungma means "Divine mother, bestowing vital energy." The patroness of the mountain in the religious tradition of Bon is the goddess Sherab Chzhamma, symbolizing the maternal principle. Among the inhabitants of Tibet, she is also known as "Jomo Gang Kar" - "Holy mother, white as a snow cover." This name is explained by the mountains in which Everest is located: the Himalayas are known for their harsh winters and frequent snowfalls.

The peak got its European name in honor of Sir George Everest. In the first half of the 19th century, he was appointed head of a geodetic expedition in the areas of India occupied by British troops.

Geography

Any schoolchild knows exactly on which mainland Chomolungma is located. It is part of the Himalayan mountain range and is part of the area known as the Khumbu Himal. There are two peaks in the mountain: North and South. The southern peak with a height of 8760 m is located on the border of Tibet and Nepal, and its northern counterpart is located on the territory of the People's Republic of China. In the case of the North Summit absolute height mountains is 8848 m.

The shape of Chomolungma resembles a trihedral pyramid. The steepness of the southern slope is much greater, as a result of which the snow cover is not retained on it and it remains constantly exposed. Everest is closely surrounded by mountains on all sides: it is connected with Lhotse by the South Col Pass. A similar pass in the north links the peak with Mount Changze. To the east lies the impenetrable mountain wall of Kangashung. On all the slopes of the Chomolungma, melted glacial waters flow down, not reaching its foot for about 5 km.

The mountain is over 60 million years old. It arose as a result of a noticeable movement of the Indian tectonic plate in relation to the Asian one. Since the region is seismically active, Everest's height increases by about a quarter of an inch each year.

The mountain is predominantly composed of sedimentary rocks. The strongest hurricanes blow at its top: the wind speed sometimes exceeds 200 km/h. Climbing Everest without special thermal clothing is simply impossible, since even at the height of summer the average air temperature here is no more than 0 ° C. In winter, the thermometer often drops to -40 ° C (at night, the temperature may drop to -50 -60 ° C).

For a long time there were disputes about in which country Mount Everest is located. Since 1959, it has been considered that the mountain giant separates the territories of Nepal and China and is equally considered the national treasure of both states. The coordinates of Mount Chomolungma are 27°59′17″ N. sh. 86°55′31″ E d.

Everest tragedy

The conquest of Chomolungma remains the ultimate dream of most professional climbers. However, the highest mountain in the world is not always inferior to the attempts of climbers to reach its top. It is estimated that in the period from the 1920s to our time, at least 300 athletes with different levels of training and financial capabilities tried to do this. Only a few daredevils succeeded.

Conquering Everest where your own life is at stake

Most extreme sports enthusiasts died during the ascent or descent from oxygen starvation, avalanches, snow falls, rockfalls and altitude sickness. At the same time, the circumstances of their death were sometimes simply terrifying: the mountain of death does not forgive the slightest mistake.

Even with the vast possibilities modern civilization and almost perfect technology does not always succeed in saving climbers and even lowering their corpses to the foot of the mountain. After all, helicopters cannot fly at such a height, and few people dare to carry bodies by hand and risk their own lives. Therefore, in our time, modern climbers have to literally climb to the top through the corpses of their comrades, many of whom remain on the slopes for decades.

The most creepy and unusual stories associated with climbing Chomolungma are the following:

• On the mountainside lie the remains of Irving and Mallory, the first climbers who, despite the elements of nature, conquered the impregnable mountain back in 1924. However, on the way back, they were overtaken by an inexorable death, caused either by oxygen starvation or frostbite. It is not possible to accurately determine this due to the prescription of years, but the athletes confirm that Mallory's body can still be seen on the southern slope of Everest a little away from the trail. The action of the wind and other natural conditions easily turned the corpse into an almost fleshless skeleton, producing a frightening impression.
• If you ever plan to climb Chomolungma, rely only on your strength and finances. The best equipment and reliable Sherpa guides are a guarantee that you will be able to return unharmed. After all, on the mountainside, everyone can only rely on himself. This is well illustrated by the story of climbers from India, during the ascent, suffered from a snow storm. Their Japanese counterparts, rising almost at the same time, calmly walked past the people pleading for help, only to find them already dead on the way back.
• The mystical story is connected with the death of the English climber David Sharp. He did not have enough money to buy spare equipment and pay for the services of guides. Therefore, when at an altitude of more than 8000 m his oxygen cylinder failed, the unfortunate athlete simply lost consciousness and was left to die on the slope. Expeditions, absolutely indifferent to the spectacle of a dying man, passed by him, hurrying to check in on the top of Everest. One of them was a group of well-equipped mountaineers from Hall and Weber. They stepped in disgust over the corpse of Sharpe, who had been dying painfully for several days, but were punished by some mystical forces. Weber's eyesight failed literally 100 m from the summit and he was forced to turn back, after which he suddenly fell into the arms of the guide and died. His friend Hall, an experienced climber, also felt unwell. Sherpas were sent to help him, but they could not bring him to his senses. Only a couple of days later, by the combined efforts of several expeditions, Hall was saved. He got off pretty lightly with just frostbitten hands.
• Chomolungma also became the last refuge for couples in love, the most famous of which are Russian climber Sergei Arsentiev and his wife of American origin. Having climbed to the top of the mountain without oxygen, they practically set a new record. However, on the way back natural conditions they separated the husband and wife, after which the exhausted Francis lay for a couple of days on the southern slope before her death. Attempts to save her were in vain, because they threatened the death of the rescuers themselves. Sergei tried to save his beloved, but fell into the abyss. His body was later found in an unusual bowing position, as if he was praying to the mountain.

Everest ghosts

When climbing Chomolungma, even seasoned masters of sports can be frightened not only by the numerous bodies of brave brave men who risked everything for the sake of climbing records, but also by their restless souls. Everest ghost stories are plentiful, and many of them are by sane and skeptical climbers:

• In 1975, one of the members of the British expedition to Mount Ascot was climbing ropes to the top at night and suddenly, out of the corner of his eye, he noticed a silently moving silhouette behind him. He did not make a sound and stopped along with the frightened athlete. Excited, Ascot contacted the camp and learned that no one had left. However, immediately after the departure of the British at the base, the cameraman tragically died.
• In 2004, the rock climber Dorzhe saw more than 10 translucent silhouettes during the descent, stretching out their hands to him and begging for food and warmth. Since then, those who dare to resist the natural elements on Everest scatter rice groats during the ascent, burn juniper branches and pray. It is believed that this alleviates the suffering of the restless souls of dead climbers.
• The famous Italian climber Massner climbed Chomolungma on his own and without additional oxygen equipment. Having traveled two-thirds of the way to the summit, at the site of the death of the first conquerors of the summit in 1924, he saw two translucent figures beckoning him to them and thirsting for food and warmth. The frightened climber hurried to retreat, mistaking them for hallucinations.

Modern esotericists believe that the rarefied air and extreme environment of Everest awaken paranormal abilities in a person and open access to another dimension.

Organization of tours to Chomolungma

The easiest way to get to Everest is to buy air tickets to Kathmandu (the capital of Nepal) for 480 USD - 550 USD. The duration of the flight is about 11 hours. A visa for foreign tourists is issued directly at the airport, but it is advisable to take a passport photo with you. Its cost is 15 USD for 15 days and 40 USD for 30 days.

After arrival, you can rent a car and drive to one of the base camps: North, which is located on the border with Tibet, or South, located in Nepal. The average price of climbing the largest mountain on the planet is approximately:

• 30000 USD if you are going to climb on your own or with a small organized group of climbers;
• 60,000 USD if you decide to use the services of a tour operator;
• 90000 USD if you want to make the ascent as comfortable and safe as possible (the cost of wireless internet and telephone connection is included).

This price does not include the services of Sherpa guides, with whom it is better to negotiate on the spot. However, these amounts include the Nepal government fee from all climbers who come to Chomolungma. Depending on the season and the number of expedition members, this tax can be 11,000 USD - 25,000 USD.

Climbing Everest will remain one of the most vivid memories of your life, but do not forget that one wrong step can cost you your life.

Mount Everest - the height of Mount Everest is 8848 meters!

Mount Everest, is the highest mountain on earth. mountain height Everest 8,848 meters above sea level. The mountain is part of the Himalayan range in Asia and is located on the border of the countries: Nepal, Tibet and China. It is called Sagarmatha, Chomolungma. And in Nepal it is called Sagamantha, which means "goddess of the sky" and in Tibet - Chomolungma, which means "mother goddess of the universe."

In 1856, when a great trigonometric study was carried out, the height of Mount Everest was determined to be 8,840 meters, the mountain was known as Peak XV. And in 1865, on the recommendation of the British topographer Andrew Waugh, it was given the official name "Everest". He could not offer a suitable name for the mountain that would suit both Nepalese and Tibetans, so the decision was made to name it "Everest"

Mount Everest attracts climbers of all levels, experienced and inexperienced. These climbers come with money and are willing to pay mountain guides well for a successful ascent to the peak of the mountain. In the mountains, climbers always face various dangers, such as low temperature, altitude sickness, oxygen starvation and wind. Despite such a height, 2436 people stormed its peak of the mountain in the period up to 2007, 3679 ascents were made. This suggests that mountaineering is very popular view sports. And for the Nepalese a significant source of income. The government of Nepal requires you to pay $25,000 per person for a climbing permit. Mount Everest has already killed 210 people, including 8 people during a snow storm in 1996.

History of Mount Everest

Dating Mount Everest, first started in 1808 by the British. This was during the period of the great Trigonometric Survey of India. To determine the location and height of the mountain, they used giant theodolites weighing up to 500kg. They reached the foothills of the Himalayas in 1830. But the conditions were difficult due to weather conditions and diseases. The season of heavy rains and malaria began, but despite this they were forced to continue their observations. Three officers died of malaria, and two others had to retire due to deteriorating health.

And only in 1856 Andrey Waugh measured the height of Mount Everest. According to him, the height of the mountain was 8840 meters. They came to the conclusion that the mountain is the highest point in the world.

Their next task was to decide on the name of the peak, but they wanted to somehow keep the local names: Kanchenjung or Dhaulagiri. But Waugh claimed that he was unable to find any commonly used local name that appealed to both Nepalese and Tibetans. The most famous name of the mountain, which existed for several centuries, was Chomolungma. But Waugh argued that it would be difficult to find a consensus in favor of one particular name, and he proposed to name the peak XV George Everest. But George Everest himself was opposed to such a name for the peak. And another problem arose with the name George Everest. This name in Hindi was translated as "a native of India." However, this name still prevailed, despite all the objections. And in 1865, the name was officially adopted by the Royal Geographical Society as "Everest", the highest mountain in the world.

There are two main climbing routes: to the southeast ridge from Nepal and to the northeast ridge from Tibet. And there were many other routes, because of the huge height of Mount Everest and the complexity of climbing, they are rarely used. In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to recognize fifteen routes to the summit of Mount Everest.

History of climbing the height of Mount Everest

In 1885, Clinton Thomas Dent, who was president of the Alpine Club, wrote in his book a description of climbing Mount Everest.

In 1921, the expedition was led by George Mallory. His first expedition was exploratory, not equipped for serious climbing. They were forced to descend the mountain due to their unpreparedness for the ascent.

In 1922, George Finch climbed using active oxygen, which showed the first excellent climbing speed of Everest 290 meters per hour. Then Mallory and Kol-Felix-Nordon made a second attempt to conquer the height. But seven people died on this expedition, they remained under the avalanche.

In 1924, George Mallory and Andrew Irwin attempted to climb the Northeast Ridge to the summit, but they never returned. In 1999, Mallory's body was discovered by a research expedition. This expedition achieved its goal, they conquered the height and climbed to the top of Everest.

In 1953, the ninth British expedition led by John Hunt began their ascent to the peak. They had to go back to Nepal. They made two passes. Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans were the first pair to reach 100 meters and had to come back. Then the second run, two days later, went a pair of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. They climbed to the summit and conquered the height of Everest on May 29, 1953 at 11:30 am, via the Southern route, stopped to unfurl the British flag and be photographed at the top of the peak, were buried in the snow before descending from Everest,

In 1980, Reinhold Messner climbed to the heights for three days all alone, from the base camp at 6500 meters, He reached the mountain peak of Mount Everest, for the first time without supplemental oxygen.

1996 proved to be the deadliest year in the history of Mount Everest. Where, trying to descend from the top, as a result of conquering the height, fifteen people died.

In 2005, French pilot Didier Delsalle landed in a helicopter on top of Mount Everest.

In 2008, China paved 130 km of asphalt pavement on a dirt road from Tingri County to Everest Base Camp. It has become the most expensive road surface in the world. China Telecom, near the base camp, built a high cell tower that provides telephone coverage all the way to top of Mount Everest.